Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potatoes: Two Decades of Research and Development in Finland
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the detection methods used for disease management in potato crops, focusing on bacterial diseases like blackleg and soft rot. It details the role of research in developing diagnostics for pathogens such as Dickeya and Pectobacterium, highlighting the impact on seed quality and natural resistance in Finland.
by Jorge Luis Alonso with ChatGPT-4
Potatoes, the world's third most consumed food crop after rice and wheat, play a key role in global food security. Despite their agricultural importance, potatoes are susceptible to numerous diseases, particularly blackleg and soft rot, caused by bacteria of the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium. These pathogens are not only a significant economic burden but also complicate crop management and policy formulation. Over the past twenty years, Finland has become a leader in research to understand and manage these pathogens, particularly given its designation as a High-Grade (HG) seed potato production zone within the European Union.
Research conducted by the Natural Resources Institute of Finland (LUKE) and its predecessor, Agrifood Research Finland (MTT), has focused on improving molecular diagnostics, monitoring and surveillance of these bacteria. The primary goal has been to maintain Finland’s HG status, which allows the country to implement strict phytosanitary measures against invasive pests and diseases. This status is essential to protect the economic and agricultural stability of the region.
The journey began with an in-depth study of pathogen survival, pathogenesis, and the primary routes of introduction and spread within Finland. Significant progress was made in molecular diagnostics. Researchers developed and standardized methods suitable for both research and end-user applications in routine seed testing and certification. Techniques such as conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have become essential tools in the detection of these pathogens, facilitating rapid and specific identification critical for effective disease management.
Surveillance and monitoring have been key to tracking the emergence and re-emergence of Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. Over the years, these efforts have highlighted the challenges posed by climate change and international trade, which are facilitating the northward spread of pathogens previously confined to warmer climates. For example, species such as D. solani and P. brasiliense, traditionally restricted to milder environments, have now been identified in Finland, posing new risks to potato production.
The implications of these findings extend beyond Finland’s borders and affect global potato production. The spread of these pathogens is closely linked to global trade patterns and climatic changes, highlighting the need for international cooperation on phytosanitary measures. Finland’s proactive approach in this research area serves as a model for other nations, demonstrating the effectiveness of rigorous scientific research coupled with a strong regulatory framework in plant health management.
Prospects for blackleg and soft rot management include continued research, particularly in response to evolving bacterial strains and changing environmental conditions. The integration of newer genomic and diagnostic technologies promises to improve the detection and management of these diseases. In addition, the active involvement of stakeholders throughout the potato value chain — from researchers and policymakers to growers — is essential to developing sustainable management strategies.
As this body of research continues to expand, it makes a significant contribution to the broader scientific understanding of plant pathogens and their management. It also highlights the critical role of international collaboration and multidisciplinary approaches in addressing global agricultural challenges. Thus, ongoing efforts in Finland not only enhance local and regional crop production but also contribute to global food security initiatives.
This comprehensive review summarizes two decades of significant research and provides a robust framework for ongoing and future initiatives to effectively control potato blackleg and soft rot. As these efforts evolve, they continue to highlight the critical intersection of science, policy and agricultural practice in protecting crop health and ensuring global food security.
Source: Degefu, Y. (2024). Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potatoes: Two Decades of Research and Developments in Finland. Natural Resources and Bioeconomy Studies 13/2024. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki.
For more research on potato storage, click here: https://bit.ly/3u8OCtU.
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